The Cleveland Hardware Co. Like Eberhard, it soon became one of the largest plants of its type anywhere. While the city was home to a number of modest plants like those of the Forbes Varnish Co. Vermont native Henry A. Sherwin came to Cleveland in and in joined forces with another man to sell paint and related supplies.
In Sherwin, Edward P. Williams, and Alanson T. Francis H. Glidden founded the Glidden Varnish Co. Cleveland also boasted several large firms dedicated to the wholesaling of hardware, much of it related to wagon and carriage manufacture and much of it made in Cleveland.
Though the field included a fluctuating number of concerns, the leaders were the GEO. The products of such firms greatly impacted the way American horse-drawn vehicle manufacturers constructed their products by encouraging assembly through easy access to uniform and reasonably priced ready-made parts and hardware. No longer had a carriage maker to forge each metal reinforcement and shape each wooden part by hand—such items were available through the catalogs of firms like Worthington, Cray, and others.
By the s and s Cleveland boasted a mature and productive vehicle industry with a wide variety of firms scattered across both sides of the city. Many had come to specialize in a particular vehicle type. Their output consisted of light sprung wagons for the delivery of groceries and other dry goods as well as heavier open and closed wagons and drays for the delivery of milk, beer, and ice.
Some were fortunate enough to secure contracts for the construction of entire fleets for breweries and ice companies; many splendidly decorated ice wagons provided excellent advertisements for the wares of a mature and sophisticated industry.
Cleveland had a few small scale makers of cheap buggies as well as several dealers in buggies made by wholesale factories in Columbus, Cincinnati, and elsewhere. Finally, a few shops specialized in vehicle painting while others concentrated on repair work. Cleveland's wagon and carriage industry peaked at the turn of the century with over 80 firms producing vehicles and a couple dozen more turning out parts and ancillary goods. Most lacked the engineering skills and equipment needed to successfully manufacture a form of transportation which relied more on metal than on wood in its construction.
Best suited to survive the transition were the wagon and carriage parts makers. Already possessing the skills and machinery to manufacture metal parts, firms such as Eberhard and Cleveland Hardware began making and selling auto parts, and the descendants of these firms continue to make Cleveland one of the leading U.
Most wagon and carriage shops simply filled their last orders, discharged their work force, and liquidated their assets in the face of a sea change in American transportation. By the number of Cleveland horse-drawn vehicle firms was down to less than 40 and dropping fast. Continued use of wagons for some commercial applications such as milk delivery helped a few to survive into the s, and it was another twenty years before the last wagon maker disappeared from the city directory.
But long before then the horse-drawn vehicle and the industry which produced it had become a thing of the past. Wonkey scooper - person who operated a scoop-type contraption from a horse. Woolcomber - one who operated machines that separate fibers for spinning in the woolen industry.
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