However, the Government expects importers and manufacturers to act responsibly. Once a classification comes into effect, all offences for manufacture, sale, supply, importation and exportation against the MODA will be considered for prosecution immediately.
The effective 'grace' period for manufacturers and supplies is between now and when classification comes into force.
Are we expecting an illegal trade to develop once these pills are eventually classified? It is possible that some illegal trade could occur once these pills are classified. However, this would be dealt with in the same way as other illegal drug-related activity. Our experience with nitrous oxide NOS suggests that the supply and use of BZP products will decline reasonably quickly as the ban will result in diminished supplies of BZP being available. Would the pills still be available on the Internet if classification occurred?
It would also be illegal to import or export any piperazine preparations. The EACD has advised classification based on an assessment that these products pose a moderate level of harm and Cabinet has accepted that assessment. If the assessment had been a high level of harm, or a very high level of harm, an immediate recall of the products might well have been deemed appropriate.
Legal advice is that this would not be appropriate for products posing less than a high level of harm without going through the appropriate legislative process. What are party pills and how can they be identified? Legal 'party pills' also known as 'social tonics', 'herbal highs', or 'legal highs' are psychoactive substances which commonly contain the chemical benzylpiperazine BZP and a combination of other additives, such as amino acids. They may also contain phenylpiperazine derivatives, an example being triflouromethylphenylpiperazine TFMPP.
Products containing BZP and related substances are currently sold from a variety of retail outlets, including specialist 'party pill' retailers, sex shops and some hour convenience stores, liquor outlets, dairies and service stations. Most of the BZP and related substances available are imported into New Zealand in bulk form and the specific products are then manufactured in New Zealand. What are the effects of BZP? BZP is an amphetamine-like substance with stimulant effects. Common effects include euphoria, energy, enhanced senses and alertness.
Solutions are encountered less frequently. There are no licensed medicinal products in the EU containing BZP or any of the other substances considered here. After a dose of 50— mg in human volunteers, BZP was found to increase pulse rate, blood pressure systolic and diastolic and pupillary dilation. In a New Zealand Household survey, 2, people aged between 13 and 45 years were questioned regarding their use of BZP and related substances.
Psychological problems experienced were in order of frequency : trouble sleeping, loss of energy, strange thoughts, mood swings, confusion and irritability. There have been a few instances of fatalities involving BZP, but in none was BZP the immediate cause of death, and all of these instances involved other drugs. Animal studies have demonstrated that BZP stimulates the release and inhibits the reuptake of dopamine , serotonin and noradrenaline.
These systems are prone to genetic polymorphisms, so potential inter-individual differences may occur. Following oral administration of m CPP to healthy human male volunteers, the elimination half-life ranges from 2. In rats, m CPP is extensively metabolised by hydroxlation of the aromatic ring and, to a lesser extent, by degradation of the piperazine ring to produce hydroxy- m CPP two isomers , N - 3-chlorophenyl ethylenediamine, 3-chloroaniline and hydroxychloroaniline two isomers.
Physiological and subjective effects reach their peak 1 to 2 hours after oral administration and can last 4 to 8 hours. The negative effects of m CPP, often typical of a serotonin syndrome, include anxiety, dizziness, confusion, shivering, sensitivity to light and noise, fear of losing control, migraine and panic attacks.
No fatal poisonings from m CPP have been reported. BZP has been available from retail chemical suppliers and there have been no reports of illicit synthesis.
It can be manufactured by reacting piperazine monohydrochloride with benzyl chloride. The latter precursor is readily available, and piperazine monohydrochloride is easily produced from the commercially-available salts. It is known that 1,4-dibenzylpiperazine DBZP can be formed as a side-product in this reaction. There are several routes to the synthesis of m CPP, the most common of which is the reaction of diethanolamine with m-chloroaniline.
Other methods involve the reaction of m-chloroaniline with bis 2-chloroethyl amine or the reaction of piperazine with m-dichlorobenzene. The other two isomers of CPP could be made in a similar way. It is unlikely that the m CPP found in illicit products has been synthesised in clandestine laboratories since it is available commercially as the base or as the hydrochloride salt.
Penalties for possession include up to three months in prison while suppliers could be jailed for up to eight years. Although personal use of BZP will still be allowed for the next six months, possession of more than pills or five grams of BZP and related substances will be illegal. The Ministry has been informed by the party pill industry that it expected an orderly, thorough and safe recall of these products.
There will be a six-month amnesty period until 30 September , which will allow people to have five grams of the drug in their possession without committing a criminal offence. Illegal drugs are classified by the risk of harm they pose to individuals or society. BZP is a common name for the synthetic drug N-benzylpiperazine, a stimulant that produces euphoria and cardiovascular effects and is approximately 10 to 20 times less potent than amphetamine in producing these effects.
BZP typically is available as a powder, which may be packaged in small glass or plastic vials or in small plastic resealable bags. BZP powder often is pressed into tablets, many of which are embossed with logos. BZP is occasionally available in capsules. BZP usually is consumed orally. The drug also can be snorted or smoked, but these methods of administration are less common.
Common oral dosages of BZP range from 20 to milligrams. The effects of BZP generally last from 6 to 8 hours.
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