Why does vegetable oil dissolve in cyclohexane

Water does not dissolve oil since water is polar and oil is not. The oil is ontop of the water since it is less dense than the water.

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What term is used to describe splitting a large atomic nucleus into two smaller ones. Q: Why does vegetable oil dissolve in cyclohexane? Write your answer Related questions. Is vegetable oil soluble in cyclohexane? Can sugar dissolve in vegetable oil? Does the salt dissolve in vegetable oil? At about four or five carbons, the hydrophobic effect begins to overcome the hydrophilic effect, and water solubility is lost.

Now, try dissolving glucose in the water — even though it has six carbons just like hexanol, it also has five hydrogen-bonding, hydrophilic hydroxyl groups in addition to a sixth oxygen that is capable of being a hydrogen bond acceptor. We have tipped the scales to the hydrophilic side, and we find that glucose is quite soluble in water. We saw that ethanol was very water-soluble if it were not, drinking beer or vodka would be rather inconvenient!

How about dimethyl ether, which is a constitutional isomer of ethanol but with an ether rather than an alcohol functional group? We find that diethyl ether is much less soluble in water. Is it capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water? Yes, in fact, it is —the ether oxygen can act as a hydrogen-bond acceptor. The difference between the ether group and the alcohol group, however, is that the alcohol group is both a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor.

The result is that the alcohol is able to form more energetically favorable interactions with the solvent compared to the ether, and the alcohol is therefore more soluble. Here is another easy experiment that can be done with proper supervision in an organic laboratory. Try dissolving benzoic acid crystals in room temperature water — you'll find that it is not soluble.

As we will learn when we study acid-base chemistry in a later chapter, carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid are relatively weak acids, and thus exist mostly in the acidic protonated form when added to pure water. Acetic acid, however, is quite soluble. This is easy to explain using the small alcohol vs large alcohol argument: the hydrogen-bonding, hydrophilic effect of the carboxylic acid group is powerful enough to overcome the hydrophobic effect of a single methyl group on acetic acid, but not the larger hydrophobic effect of the 6-carbon benzene group on benzoic acid.

Now, try slowly adding some aqueous sodium hydroxide to the flask containing undissolved benzoic acid. As the solvent becomes more and more basic, the benzoic acid begins to dissolve, until it is completely in solution. What is happening here is that the benzoic acid is being converted to its conjugate base, benzoate.

The neutral carboxylic acid group was not hydrophilic enough to make up for the hydrophobic benzene ring, but the carboxylate group, with its full negative charge , is much more hydrophilic. Now, the balance is tipped in favor of water solubility, as the powerfully hydrophilic anion part of the molecule drags the hydrophobic part, kicking and screaming, if a benzene ring can kick and scream into solution.

If you want to precipitate the benzoic acid back out of solution, you can simply add enough hydrochloric acid to neutralize the solution and reprotonate the carboxylate. If you are taking a lab component of your organic chemistry course, you will probably do at least one experiment in which you will use this phenomenon to separate an organic acid like benzoic acid from a hydrocarbon compound like biphenyl.

Similar arguments can be made to rationalize the solubility of different organic compounds in nonpolar or slightly polar solvents. In general, the greater the content of charged and polar groups in a molecule, the less soluble it tends to be in solvents such as hexane. The ionic and very hydrophilic sodium chloride, for example, is not at all soluble in hexane solvent, while the hydrophobic biphenyl is very soluble in hexane.

Exercise 2. Decide on a classification for each of the vitamins shown below. Hint — in this context, aniline is basic, phenol is not! Because water is the biological solvent, most biological organic molecules, in order to maintain water-solubility, contain one or more charged functional groups.

These are most often phosphate, ammonium or carboxylate, all of which are charged when dissolved in an aqueous solution buffered to pH 7. Some biomolecules, in contrast, contain distinctly hydrophobic components. If the charge of the molecule is -1, A balloon has a total mass of kg. What is the minimum volume of air that it must displace if A: Calculation of minimum volume.

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