Contact your Sandvik Coromant specialist to choose the best tool, geometry, and grade if you go for dry machining. Many applications require coolant for tolerance, surface and machinability factors. If coolant is required, it should be optimized to maximize its true potential. There are different aspects of coolant that is important for the cutting process:. Emulsion, oil and air can be applied through the coolant channels in the turning tools. When mentioning coolant in general terms, we mean cooling with emulsion or oil.
MQL and Cryogenic coolant requires special equipment. Most modern turning tools are equipped with internal coolant through the tool, many of these actually offer the combination of precision over coolant and under coolant. The outlets in the tool can be of the following types giving different benefits to your machining:.
Modern turning tools feature nozzles that deliver precision coolant directed exactly to the cutting zone on the rake side, which controls the chip breaking and offers secure machining. To optimize the machine capabilities and further improve tool life and chip formation, coolant delivery and velocity can be fine-tuned by changing the nozzle diameter. The positive effects of precision coolant start at low coolant pressure, but the higher the pressure is, the more demanding material can successfully be machined.
With precision coolant you get improved chip control, longer tool life, better process security and higher productivity. Without precision coolant chip jamming may be a problem, causing machine stoppages, service call outs, increased tool wear and poor surface finish.
The most modern turning concepts are also featured with under coolant. The under coolant controls the heat in the cutting zone which leads to improved tool life and predictable machining. Under coolant is very efficient already at low coolant pressure, but the higher the pressure is, the bigger effect we can see in tool life increase.
If using a tool that feature over precision coolant and under coolant, turning off the over coolant can be beneficial in certain operations. It depends a lot on which workpiece material, which grade and what cutting data you machine in.
For thin coated grades, like first choice PVD-grades for ISO S, it is best to use both over and under coolant to protect the insert from heat and avoid plastic deformation. These grades may in roughing to medium applications get the best tool life with under coolant only. Coolants are grouped into four main categories and have a variety of different formulations. Selecting coolant should be based on the overall performance it provides centered around your machining application and materials used.
Soluble Oils: The most common of all water-soluble cutting fluids and a great option for general purpose machining. The drawback is that they are prone to microbiological growth of fungus and bacteria if the coolant sump is not correctly maintained.
Synthetic Fluids: These types of fluids tend to be the cleanest of all cutting fluids because they contain no mineral oil and reject tramp oil. However, they provide the least lubrication. Semi-synthetic Fluids: Considered to be the best of both worlds, they have less oil than emulsion-based fluids, a less stinky smell, and retain much of the same lubricating attributes. This makes them usable for a broader range of machining.
Straight Oils: These are not water-miscible and have a composition of a mineral or petroleum oil base and contain lubricants like vegetable oils, fats, and esters. They provide the best lubrication but have the poorest cooling characteristics. During the machining process, the coolant mixture floods over the work area.
This process also washes chips and particles away from the work area. Minimum Quantity Lubricant MQL : Every machine shop focuses on how to gain a competitive advantage — to spend less, make more, and boost shop efficiency. Using only the necessary amount of coolant will dramatically reduce costs and wasted material.
This type of lubricant is applied as an aerosol, or an extremely fine mist, to provide just enough coolant to perform a given operation effectively. To see all of these coolant styles in action, check out the video below from our partners at CimQuest. CNC coolant is all-too-often overlooked as a major component of a machining operation. Coolant can be applied as compressed air, mist, in a flooding property, or as high pressure.
Certain machines also are MQL able, meaning they can effectively restrict the amount of coolant being applied to the very amount necessary to avoid being wasteful. In the actual cutting process especially in the processing of aluminum , often have similar problems stick knife, broken cutter, broken tap, rotten teeth, etc. Thanks for the informative read about the coolant for CNC machining.
Thanks for the informative blog on CNC coolant. This is a great article. Very informative. I think it would be important to provide information on the benefits of changing coolant and what happens as it starts to break down on a molecular level as well.
We are experiencing some of these issues at my company. Maintenance seems to not understand the importance of clean coolant. Not only does it effect cutting, it ends up being a health hazard as mold begins to appear.
As you mentioned, coolant helps prevent overheating and melting. Is there a way to figure out which intake your machine is equip with, and which coolant it takes? My brother recently started working in a cnc machining plant.
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